Jeans for Genes – what does it mean?

There are aound 6,000 diagnosed genetic disorders; and it is estimated that one child in every 25 is affected by a genetic disorder. That’s why we want to support the Jeans for Genes campaign, which aims to raise money for Genetic Disorders UK. The money raised provides grants for day-to-day support, equipment, respite and events which bring diagnosed children and their families together.

So what are genetic disorders?

As there are thousands of disorders, it’s impossible to explain them all; so we have focused on a select few to highlight the affects these have on patients and their families, the importance of the healthcare industry and also for Jeans for Genes Day.

Rett syndrome

Rett syndrome is very rarely seen in males, but about 1 in 12,000 females are affected by the disorder. It is caused by a mutation in the MECP2 gene which is needed for brain development; this abnormality reduces functionality of the brain nerve cells, which consequently results in mental and physical disability. Over 99% of diagnosed cases are spontaneous, which means they are not genetically passed on through generations.

Diagnosing Rett syndrome

Rett syndrome cannot always be diagnosed from birth as the symptoms tend not to appear until the child is between six and 18 months old. It can in fact be that a child builds up certain abilities, such as sounds and grasping, and quickly lose these abilities. A genetic blood test can be used to determine the genetic mutation responsible for Rett syndrome, however failing to find this mutation doesn’t necessarily rule out the disorder.

Managing Rett syndrome

As there is no cure for Rett syndrome, quality treatment is needed to manage the symptoms. This cannot always be carried out by parents and requires the attention of healthcare professionals. Treatments include:

speech and language therapy
eye gaze technology
physiotherapy
medication
lower leg brace to aid independent walking
hand splint to help control hand movements
occupational therapy
pacemaker to control heart rhythm

Klinefelter syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome only affects males, affecting around one in every 660 males. This disorder is caused by males being born with an extra X chromosome. Males with Klinefelter syndrome may not realise they have the extra chromosome, but it can cause problems which could require treatment and management. The syndrome isn't directly inherited; it is caused as a result of either the mother's egg or the father's sperm having an extra X chromosome – this change seems to happen randomly.

Diagnosing Klinefelter syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome doesn’t always show obvious symptoms, especially during early childhood. The only way to determine Klinefelter syndrome is through fertility tests – a blood sample will identify the presence of the extra X chromosome. However, subtle symptoms include delayed learning in babies and toddlers, dyslexia and low energy levels during childhood and slower muscle growth in teenagers.